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Can hypothyroidism cause cellulite?

Do anti-cellulite products affect the thyroid gland? We discuss this with the expert

Clinical studies show that they can be used without any fear of altering thyroid hormone levels or triggering dysfunction on the gland. We discuss this with the expert

Concerns have been hovering around anti-cellulite products for a few years now about their alleged interference with thyroid functioning. The misgivings concern, in particular, anti-cellulite creams containing thyroid hormones, which are feared to alter the amounts of said hormones both in women with normal levels and in those taking hormone replacement therapy to treat hypothyroidism.

In fact, the most recent studies confirm that thyroid hormone-based anti-cellulite creams do not affect thyroid function in any way or alter physiological or orally taken amounts.

To shed light on this controversial subject, we asked Professor Enzo Berardesca, director of the Department of Inflammatory and Immunoinfectious Dermatology at the S. Maria and S. Gallicano Dermatological Institute in Rome, for clarification.

"First of all, it should be specified that anti-cellulite creams containing the thyroid hormone are to all intents and purposes drugs that should be distinguished, therefore, from cosmetics," the dermatologist explains. "It is no coincidence that they bear the label of self-medication on the packaging, as they are medical devices authorized by the Ministry of Health.

"Topical drugs (i.e., which are applied locally, ed.) treat cellulite, acting on the causes; cosmetics, on the other hand, treat skin imperfections by improving the appearance of the skin, including through the action of massage," - clarifies the expert. The difference between the two anti-cellulite products lies in the fact that drugs block the mechanism that establishes the formation of cellulite, namely primarily the accumulation of interstitial fluid in the dermis due to a slowdown in microcirculation. "This results in an inflammatory state that induces adipocytes (the fat cells of the subcutaneous fat) to increase in volume and number," - Berardesca continues.

Thus the skin begins to deform into the typical orange peel appearance. "In addition, in more advanced states of cellulite inflammation, collagen is produced in greater quantities to the point of creating nodules and fibrous tissue." We are in the case of so-called mattress skin. Here the anti-cellulite drug must prevent this, in particular dissolve fats, inhibit the excessive production of collagen, which is responsible (only for cellulite) for fibrous states, and reduce the formation of hyaluronic acid (in the treated areas), which instead contributes to fluid stagnation.

For the moment, the main pharmacological active ingredient capable of acting on the causes of cellulite is levothyroxine (not to be confused with tyrosine, which is an enzyme instead). For fairness of information, we specify that this is the same thyroid hormone that is taken orally, with the difference that in anti-cellulite creams it is included in the form of a sodium salt.

Are thyroid hormone-containing creams safe?

"Yes, because topically used levothyroxine acts only locally, not 'making time' to enter the capillaries in the active form. In other words, research from the University of Pisa* published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that the skin has its own metabolism that transforms thyroid hormone into an inactive molecule (i.e., one that does not interfere with thyroid mechanisms) once it has performed its function against the causes of cellulite. Thus, it is as if the skin acts as a "filter" against the body's absorption of thyroid hormone: meanwhile, however, it has acted in the dermis where it is needed."

And how do we eliminate this inactive hormone? "Through urine, where no traces of active thyroid hormone have been detected."

Further evidence for the safety of the thyroid hormone contained in anti-cellulite creams? "Scientific studies were conducted at the Universities of Milan** comparing the results on women who had been given placebo creams and other anti-cellulite drugs. Well, the evidence not only found the efficacy of topical cellulite drugs, but documented no alteration of FT3 and FT4 hormone levels in the blood, i.e., those indicating thyroid malfunction. Nor is the value of TSH, that is, the hormone produced by the pituitary gland related to thyroid hormone secretion, affected."

The conclusion is that local applications of levothyroxine creams do not interfere with the eventual therapy for hypothyroidism, which instead is absorbed to via completely different mechanisms, i.e., systemic.

*Santini F. et al Role for inner ring deiodination prevented transcutaneous passage of Thyroxine. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.

**Galbiati G. et al - Clinical, double-blind study of a topical preparation versus placebo in women with edematofibrous panniculopathy localized to the thighs, Italian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology

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What is a Sleepcation?

Pack only the desire to rest and go on a sleepcation, the sleep vacation to recharge your batteries

Recharge your energy and enjoy maximum rest, but on vacation. It is called sleepcation is and the new frontier of vacation. Not suitable for adventurous spirits eager to discover the world, of course, but perfect for a weekend or a few days after long periods of stress and fatigue. With this type of travel comes benefits for body and mind.

Organizing a sleepcation today is quite simple. One carves out a few days from work, nice weekend, but also during the week, and sets off for a destination decided in time. It can be a place surrounded by nature, as well as a metropolis: the important thing is to balance the time spent visiting the place, and the time spent on a comfortable mattress and the pillow of our dreams. Obviously -otherwise where would the novelty lie?- rest is preferred over touring with a map in hand.

Nowadays, it is well known that the hectic and busy daily life often negatively affects rest. Especially the way we sleep and the amount of hours we devote to restorative sleep. It is no wonder that, every statistic on the subject, delivers a picture in increasingly often people are getting few hours of sleep (going to bed later, despite having the alarm clock set at the same time) and resting decidedly poorly. Sleep, clearly, heavily affects several conditions of our lives, and, not least, physical and mental well-being. A few days of sleepcation, perhaps in idyllic facilities or regeneration spas, and you can regain some lost energy.

Sleepcation vacation

The goal of this sleep vacation is to unplug from everything and everyone, to regenerate body and mind, and better face the days ahead. It can also be understood as a preparatory trip ahead of a particularly full period from a work or family perspective. Having free time to rest seems almost like a utopia, a real dream, which with sleepcation is possible to fulfill.

From the need to recharge your batteries came the concept of sleepcation, a true wellness ritual: all you have to do, for most of the time on this mini vacation, is essentially sleep, whenever you feel the need. Without answering phone calls, texts, and emails. Work, thorny issues, unavoidable commitments, are not part of the vocabulary of this kind of relaxing trip.

What are the ideal accommodations?

Where to go to travel while sleeping? In Italy, there are still no real sleeping hotels, but facilities that have set up soundproof rooms, equipped with every comfort -starting with the comfort of the bed- in which to sleep soundly again. From Milan to New York, from India to the Alps, the essential thing is to have pajamas in your suitcase, and few distractions. A vacation idea certainly not for everyone, but one that is well suited to a few days off.

The advice is to choose facilities immersed in nature, such as a forest-where glamping, lodge tents and mini chalets spaced out and perfect for sleepcation, or hotels by the lake, the sea, houseboats on the river are becoming increasingly popular. Many hotels, precisely because of this growing phenomenon, are adapting to the demands: in some establishments-usually high-end-even a pillow menu exists. Like a restaurant, but instead of courses there are shape, hardness, memory foam of pillows.

In fact, there is a steady increase in the number of accommodations and large hotel chains that are expanding their services precisely with a view to the conception of vacation as not necessarily a way to explore an area, but to enjoy well-deserved rest. And to indulge in a few hours on the go. It seems, but this is quite subjective, that museums, exhibitions and monuments, knowing they have time to rest, are appreciated even more

The fundamentals of this vacation

After choosing the ideal facility, planning the vacation will be very easy. No packed itinerary of destinations to reach and visit, but only the unmissable (or even nothing at all!); and a fairly light suitcase, in which to put only the necessities for the night and little more. Electronic devices, so pcs, tablets, etc. will have to stay at home. The cell phone, on the other hand, is best used the bare minimum. Combining a digital detox with a sleep vacation will make sleepcation truly rejuvenating.

Benefits of sleepcation

Being able to indulge in a mini Sleepcation vacation, then, would have significant benefits, even in the long run. When you return from this restful trip, in fact, your normal sleep routine will benefit as well: you will be able to sleep several hours a night thanks to the new rhythm acquired on "vacation," giving your body and mind the true luxury of regenerating for real. After a few days, the body will have regained its biorhythm. This has positive influences on both mood and physical condition: less fatigue, responsiveness, less muscle aches, and even blood pressure and weight regulation.

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What are some signs of bad sleep?

Bad sleep: if you notice these 7 signs it's happening to you

Difficult nights are common among adults. But sometimes it can become pathological. Poor sleep can have health consequences. Here's how to find out if you're not resting as you should at night

You delay your alarm clock every 5 minutes
You don't fall asleep at night and wake up too early in the morning
Bad sleep makes you feel tired all the time
You can't concentrate
Do you get sick often? Maybe you are sleeping badly
Consequences of sleeping badly: you struggle to digest
Are you gaining weight? Maybe you're sleeping poorly
Poor sleep: tips for taking action
Create the conditions for not sleeping badly

Insomnia, night awakenings, difficulty falling asleep. Lying down on the bed to fall immediately into the arms of Morpheus is not always easy. Often when you succeed, you end up sleeping badly. Among adult people, difficult nights are a common problem. There are many reasons for not getting a good night's sleep: it can be due to poor habits, stress, worries, even the bed and pillow. Poor quality sleep significantly affects our health. But how can we tell that we are sleeping poorly? Here are some signs not to be underestimated.

Delay waking up every 5 minutes

Every morning the same story: the alarm clock goes off and you delay it for five minutes. Just enough time to finish the dream you were having. Then, another five minutes, and so on. Result: you are late and stressed. If you can't wake up on time, it's probably because you couldn't get into deep sleep. So, you are sleeping badly.

You don't fall asleep at night and wake up too early in the morning

When you sleep poorly, your sleep-wake rhythm is altered. Falling asleep becomes more difficult, while you wake up with great ease well in advance of your scheduled time to get up. Pay attention to this: do you manage to fall asleep easily or do you spend a long time tossing and turning in bed before you manage to do so? Do you always wake up earlier in the morning and then get so nervous that you can't get back to sleep?

Does poor sleep make you feel tired all the time

You always feel like sleeping. In the morning you have a hard time not falling asleep in front of the computer. After the lunch break, same thing. Your eyes are heavy and close on their own. Poor quality sleep leads to drowsiness during the day because you are not fully rested.

You can't concentrate

You forget things, struggle to concentrate, even have mood disorders. Without a doubt, lack of sleep is the culprit. Sleep, in fact, plays an essential role in the proper functioning of the brain, particularly the prefrontal cortex, the area responsible for cognitive functions such as language, reasoning and even memory. If the accumulated hours of sleep are of poor quality, the consequences on the brain will be irrevocable.

Do you get sick often? Maybe you're sleeping poorly

Poor sleep can lead to dangerous consequences for our health. The immune system suffers, reducing its activity. Thus you have a greater propensity to contract illnesses, especially those caused by viruses and bacteria such as the flu. We don't think about it, but if we are often sick it could be the consequence of poor sleep.

Consequences of poor sleep: you struggle to digest.

One of the consequences, and therefore also a symptom that helps us know that we are sleeping poorly, is often suffering from intestinal discomfort. This problem affects women in particular. Poor sleep, in fact, can affect the digestive system, can alter its regular functioning. The consequence is that one often feels heaviness in the stomach, digests poorly after eating, and even begins to suffer from colitis or gastritis.

Are you gaining weight? Maybe you sleep badly

Not everyone knows, but sleeping badly can also make us gain weight. In fact, our bodies are unable to regenerate from the labors of the day. Because of the lack of energy, we feel a greater need to consume sweets and foods high in sugar. Better to run for cover.

Poor sleep: tips for taking action

When we sleep badly, the sleep-wake cycle is altered, and it often happens that we wake up during the night or in the early morning hours. The first thing we do in such cases is to check the time. We become anxious because we cannot fall asleep, our body produces cortisol, a hormone that increases agitation to the point that resuming sleep becomes impossible. In such cases, any electronic device should be avoided. No to TV and smartphones: the light from these devices is not conducive to sleep. Better to get up and distract yourself, perhaps reading until drowsiness returns.

Create the conditions for not sleeping badly

Stress and worries can take away our sleep at night. Better to leave them out of bed, perhaps by trying to relax before bedtime, or by meditation. But the place where we sleep also needs to be sleep-proof. An old mattress, an inadequate pillow, too many blankets or too few can affect the quality of sleep and cause us to wake up with headaches, backaches, irritability, red and puffy eyes. Better run for cover. Bedding should be changed and washed regularly, so irritation from dust mites and other allergens is avoided. The climate of the room should also be appropriate: make sure it is not too hot or too cold.

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Can menopause cause loss of speech?

Do you lose your speech or your keys? It's menopause

Losing words or keys more and more often: if you are between 45 and 55 years old, don't be alarmed. It's not the first signs of dementia or Alzheimer's (except in rare cases) but it may be one of the cognitive disorders typical of menopause. It is called "brain in the fog," is related to hot flashes, and can be treated

Memory loss: symptom of menopause or dementia?
Can menopause cause cognitive disorders?
Are cognitive disorders in menopause a telltale sign of early dementia?
Are hot flashes dangerous for cognitive disorders?
How often should hot flashes occur to worry us?
How can hot flashes be treated?
Can cognitive disorders in menopause be improved?
Is it true that hormone replacement therapy causes cancer?
Is hormone replacement therapy for everyone?
When to start dealing with menopause?
Can the onset of dementia be prevented or delayed?
What is the link between weight gain and cognitive disorders?
Do hot flashes in addition to brain damage make you fat?

Memory loss: a symptom of menopause or dementia?

Difficulty remembering words and numbers, losing objects such as keys or forgetting where you left your car, difficulty concentrating (getting lost in your own thoughts, losing the thread of reasoning, getting distracted more easily), difficulty switching from one activity to another, forgetting the reason why you are doing something (for example, why you went to a room), and forgetting events or appointments. If these memory stumbles are accompanied by sleep disturbances, mood changes, and hot flashes, and you are in the 45-55 age group, then they may be caused by menopause.

Can menopause cause cognitive disorders?

Scientific studies in fact show that memory with menopause also undergoes some changes related to hormonal fluctuations. These cognitive disorders, the so-called "brain in the fog," are real and not figments of the imagination. On the occasion of World Menopause Day-October 18-the International Menopause Society wants precisely to emphasize the "brain in the fog" , a normal and frequent phenomenon in women between the ages of 45 and 55. A physiological phase of life, on which the stigma is slowly falling, thanks to scientific studies on the one hand and, on the other, to many women of the star system who are exposing themselves in first person (for example, Monica Bellucci, Heather Parisi, Maria Grazia Cucinotta, Naomi Watts and Gwyneth Paltrow), with the aim of pushing women to seek concrete solutions to feel better, stripping away the prejudices that still weigh on this condition.

Are cognitive disorders in menopause a telltale sign of early dementia?

The discomforts that appear at menopause are all closely related, so the brain is also involved. But these cognitive deficits in most cases are transient and are not the first signs of a form of dementia. This is how Rossella Nappi, full professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Pavia, a gynecologist at Policlinico San Matteo in Pavia and New President-elect of the International Menopause Society, reassures us. "Often women are concerned about whether these memory problems may be an early manifestation of a cognitive disorder such as dementia or Alzheimer's disease. But based on studies, we can say that if all women are destined to go through menopause, most of them will not develop a picture of dementia. At this stage of life, cases of dementia are very rare, unless there is a family history of early-onset Alzheimer's disease."

Are hot flashes dangerous for cognitive disorders?

The "brain in the fog" is closely linked to hot flashes and improves once menopause passes, as the expert explains. "A latest study published in the journal Neurology shows that hot flashes typical of menopause are not just a momentary discomfort, but over time cause damage to the white matter of the brain. Having lots of hot flashes therefore is not good for the heart, but neither is it good for the central nervous system. These are small events that, repeated over time, put the heart's vessels and neurons in check."

How often should hot flashes occur to worry us?

"These episodes," the expert continues, "are really impactful when they reach 35 per week, an average of seven between day and night. Situations that create anxiety, confusion, stress and discomfort especially in the work environment because they can affect our performance and relationships. Drop by drop, they are able to create a deep malaise that also affects mood and self-esteem."

How do you treat hot flashes?

Reducing hot flashes is therefore important both to preserve our brains from decay-partly temporary-and to make us feel better at work, with family, and with others. For some time, as Professor Nappi explains, work has been underway on a non-hormonal drug that can turn off the hot flash mechanism. "It would be ideal for all those women who cannot follow HRT (Hormone Replacement Therapy) because they have had breast or ovarian cancer or have a high risk of thrombosis. There are two strands of research at the moment, and the data are increasingly encouraging. The new pill will serve to modulate NKB, a specific receptor in the brain, causing it to turn off the hot flash: in essence, the drug would act as an intermediary between estrogen and the mechanism of the hot flash itself. For now, two drugs are at an advanced stage of study, but they are not yet available in Europe, and we will get there soon."

Can cognitive disorders in menopause be improved?

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the most effective treatment of all menopause-related disorders, including cognitive disorders. Explains Professor Nappi: "Until a certain time, it was thought that this therapy could increase the risk of dementia. However, scientific data tell us that if you are healthy and start HRT close to menopause, there are no risks on the cognitive side. What's more, taking estrogen-only therapy seems to be safe in terms of cognitive risk, even if taken in the late postmenopausal phase."

Is it true that hormone replacement therapy causes cancers?

Until recently, estradiol- and progesterone-based hormone replacement therapy was demonized, but now it is known that the benefits far outweigh the risks. "This is shown by all the latest studies and even the analysis of case histories that had created so much fear in the past: today we can say that HRT gives huge benefits on the osteoporosis and cardiovascular risk front, even reduces the risk of diabetes by 13 percent. Beware of diabetes in menopause because it is the worst cardiovascular killer there is: if a woman gets diabetes in the menopausal years and is not treated, the probability of heart attack or stroke is very high."

Is hormone replacement therapy for everyone?

HRT should be given at a certain time and in certain cases: "HRT is indicated for women who have overt symptoms and are in the so-called window of opportunity, that is, around or during menopause. Unfortunately, very often still today women are treated late, in the mistaken belief that a year must pass since their last menstruation. This is not the case." Professor Nappi has dedicated her life and her studies to spreading the culture of menopause: "We need to prepare for the change: menopause should be recognized earlier, in the so-called perimenopause phase, when the first signs of cycle change, hot flashes and mood changes arrive. That is the right time to see a gynecologist experienced in this issue and understand what is going on. Major gynecologic cancers, such as those affecting the breast and endometrium, depend on irregularities in the balance of estrogen and progesterone leading to tissue proliferation."

When to start dealing with menopause?

Many women begin to enter menopause simply with a sense of bloating, headache or pressure swings, "That's where you can already take action with a targeted diet and active lifestyle. The right food and movement prevent precisely the metabolic syndrome that underlies so many decompensations. The latest studies show that the damage can be reduced even seven years before the actual menopause, that is, starting with the first cycle changes."

Can the onset of dementia be prevented or delayed?

It should not be assumed that estrogen and progesterone can generally solve cognitive disorders or decrease the future risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, as the professor tells us. "HRT is a therapy that should be modulated on the individual person, especially in the presence of disorders and as soon as possible." More simply, if you suffer from cognitive impairment in menopause and are concerned about the risk of developing a dementia framework in the future, you can strive to stay healthy to delay or even prevent the onset of dementia. Some dementia risk factors cannot be changed, such as age, female gender and genetics, but many habits can, as the expert lists: "Doing at least 150 minutes a week of moderate aerobic activity, following the Mediterranean diet, avoiding sugary foods, controlling heart, diabetes and hypertension, avoiding smoking, having a social life and exercising the brain: these are0 golden rules to protect our brains in menopause."

What is the link between weight gain and cognitive disorders?

It is normal to gain weight during menopause, and not only because with age comes a reduction in basal metabolism, that is, the amount of energy each cell uses to run the body. At this stage, fat gain is a compensatory mechanism that the body puts in place. "Menopause, with the drop in female hormones, drives fat storage because fat mass produces estrogen. And the body knows they can help. But precisely because estrogen is gone, the accumulation happens on the abdomen, where there is a prevalence of androgens, the male hormones. And in fact, men gain weight mainly there. From age 45 to 55, women's waist can grow as much as 5 centimeters and weight 4 to 6 kilos if nothing is done to reduce it."

Do hot flashes besides damaging the brain make you fat?

The problem is not just cosmetic but general health. "This type of fat is insulin resistant: difficult to get rid of, but especially related to increased cholesterol and blood sugar, factors that worsen if you are stressed. Stress, which then interferes with fat mass, turns on flushing, which in turn increases fat accumulation. A dangerous vicious cycle that can be broken with targeted diet and physical activity."

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What disqualifies you from donating kidney?

Kidney transplantation: all the things you need to know about donating

It happened to pop star Selena Gomez. And living transplants are also on the rise in our country. A possibility that is still too little talked about, but that can save 2 people. As told by those who have done it

There are gifts so precious that they can be given only once in a lifetime, completely changing the recipient's. That's why the organ and tissue donation awareness campaign has chosen the slogan "Let's give the best of ourselves."

And the tam tam does not stop at National Organ Donation and Transplantation Day, this year celebrated on May 27, but goes on every day. In fact, many people are unaware that, in addition to the option of signing a living person's consent to organ and tissue removal after death, one can also donate while in perfect health. This is called living donation. Let's try to understand its rules and potential.

What organs can be harvested?

"A kidney and a portion of the liver, as far as organs are concerned, " explains Alessandro Nanni Costa, director of the National Transplant Center. At Ismett in Palermo, the tenth living liver transplant in one year was just performed. "In addition, hematopoietic stem cells (contained in bone marrow, peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood), some parts of bone (such as the head of the femur), and amniotic membrane can be donated from living people," Costa adds. The hematopoietic stem cell donor can be a family member of the recipient, due to similar genetic characteristics, or a person enrolled in the stem cell donor registries: the Italian one (Italian Bone Marrow Donor Registry) is located at the Galliera Hospital in Genoa and manages the search for compatible donors for patients in need of transplantation.

Who can donate?

"Generally, living organ donation occurs among "affectively related" people: relatives and kindred and in some cases friends." And in rare cases, authorized only for the kidney, "we also witness 'Samaritan' donations, that is, towards unknown people," clarifies the expert. In the latter case, the donated organ is used to trigger "Samaritan crossover chains," crossing incompatible donor-recipient pairs. Let's take an example: the wife of a patient in need of a kidney donates it not to her spouse, for reasons of low compatibility, but to an unknown person who, however, has greater genetic compatibility with her, to ensure a better chance of a successful transplant; in turn, a person related to that recipient makes her kidney available to the donor's husband.

How to do it.

To express your willingness to donate a living organ or tissue, simply go to the nearest regional transplant center. But there will be a green light for donation only after clinical examinations and medical examinations, interviews with a psychologist, "the careful evaluation of a medical commission independent of the specialists involved in the care of the recipient, and finally a specific authorization of the magistrate of the competent court," Costa specifies. The law, therefore, "maximally protects both the recipient and the donor, who must have optimal health conditions and in any case will not have to change lifestyle after the surgery or take drugs." Along the way, however, psychological support is guaranteed. And the results speak for themselves: when the kidney donor is a living person, "we verify a better survival of the patient," adds Nanni Costa.

What is the next goal?

"With the National Transplant Center, we have signed a memorandum of understanding for a pro-living kidney donation campaign, which was launched last year in Umbria, Marche and Puglia," says Giuseppe Vanacore, president of Aned, the National Hemodialysis Association. "We raise awareness among health professionals, patients, family members and volunteers." Agrees Flavia Petrin, president of Aido (Italian Association for Organ, Tissue and Cell Donation): "Living donations are on the rise. But they should not be considered a substitute for cadaver donation, which for some organs is the only one possible. And at the moment we are far from guaranteeing all citizens on the waiting list an adequate health response."

The numbers

15 donations of a living portion of a liver in 2017 in Italy

128.6 percent increase in donations of a living portion of a liver in 2017 compared to 2016 in our country

276 living kidney donations in 2017 in Italy. 10.7% the increase in living kidney donations in 2017 compared with 2016 in our country

36% the percentage of kidneys donated by women to their partners out of the total in 8 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Slovenia, Luxembourg)

2012 the year from which withdrawals of a section of lung lobe, pancreas and intestine are also allowed in Italy. As yet, no such transplants have been performed

(Sources: Eurotransplant, Cnt, Aido)

Testimonials.

Marzia Cardillo, 45, from Rome "I allowed my 8-month-old granddaughter to be reborn" "My scar, from my sternum to my navel, is the tattoo I wear with pride." On her body, Marzia Cardillo sees every day the mark that allowed her niece Sara, born with congenital biliary atrophy, to be "reborn." An aunt on her father's side, three months ago she decided to donate a portion of her liver, the left lobe, to the little girl. "The transplant, which lasted a total of 13 hours, took place Feb. 7 at Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital in Rome. The 8-month-old girl weighed 5 kilograms and was not growing regularly; she was living with a nasogastric tube, had dark skin and a swollen belly, and a catheter. She had undergone surgery in October to prevent her liver from going into cirrhosis, a chronic disease that leads to death, but the surgery was unsuccessful. The waiting list to receive the cadaver organ is very long. Her parents have a different blood type and could not donate it to her, but I have the same: knowing that Sara would not have survived otherwise, deciding to make this gesture for me was natural. I didn't even ask the question," says Marzia, 45, married with a 13-year-old daughter. "After giving consent, in December and January I underwent a series of investigations, all free of charge. Then the operation, the first in my life. I recovered slowly and recently resumed my job as a clerk; my liver is back to its original size, it is an organ that regenerates itself in a few weeks. She is now well: seeing her smile and play, gaining weight and stature is the greatest joy."

Adriana Olimpio, 48, from Lecce "I saved my husband Amedeo years of dialysis" "Positivity is our motto," says Adriana Olimpio, 48, who has been married to Amedeo Mauro, a year older, for 17 years. Both from Lecce, they have been "one flesh" for a few months, thanks in part to Adriana's kidney transplanted into the body of Amedeo, who was born with polycystic kidneys. "This is a genetic and asymptomatic condition that gradually atrophies them until they no longer function because of cysts that enlarge: I inherited it from my father, who has been on dialysis for years now," he says. Despite living a healthy life, "the day came when my husband started having high blood values. I didn't want him to become a dialysis patient, like my father-in-law: half-living, attached to a machine for hours every other day," Adriana reflects. "I immediately gave my willingness to donate one of my kidneys, but the doctors found a low compatibility, with a high risk of rejection. So I also said yes to cross-over: I could give the organ to another person who was compatible with me, and in turn a family member who was compatible with my husband would give it to him. But these 'chains' were blown 2 times, due to problems on the part of the other potential donor." Finally, doctors at the Bari Regional Transplant Center gave approval for the surgery between her and Amedeo, because in the meantime, thanks to advances in research and new drugs, the risks of rejection had been lowered. "The operation took place on January 16," she says. "After two weeks I was back at work. And now we are even stronger, united."

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What are the benefits of donating your placenta?

The first placenta donation, which is already possible but little known in Italy, has taken place in Friuli Venezia Giulia. How it works,

What is placenta donation
How donation works: when and how
The differences from other donations
Can you save the placenta or cord for your baby?
What and who needs the placenta for
How to donate the placenta

It is noninvasive, "does not affect mother or baby, and is a different and separate procedure from cord blood donation." It is placenta donation, which can be performed at the time of delivery. For the first time, such a procedure was performed these days in Friuli Venezia Giulia, in Udine, in collaboration between the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of the city's hospital, the Regional Transplant Center and Veneto Tissue Bank. "I was very pleased to hear that the first placenta donation was made in Friuli Venezia Giulia, because in this way they are increasing the number of centers that can become collection points for human placentas, given the great therapeutic potential that some tissues and products derived from them have," commented Ornella Parolini, a pioneer in this field, full professor at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart and director of the Eugenia Menni Research Center (CREM) of Fondazione Poliambulanza in Brescia, which has been using human term placentas as a source of adult stem cells for more than 20 years.

But what does it consist of and why can it be useful

What is placenta donation

"The placenta is the organ of exchange between the mother and the fetus that performs fundamental nutritive, respiratory, excretory, hormonal and protective functions in the womb and is excreted subsequent to delivery. After delivery, in fact, it no longer has any function and is usually eliminated as biological waste," clarifies Professor Parolini of CREM of Fondazione Poliambulanza,

The placenta, intact, contains precisely stem cells and has enormous potential for the development of new therapies, particularly in the area of regenerative medicine.

How donation works: when and how

"If the birth takes place in a facility that provides for it, mothers can decide to donate the placenta by proceeding to fill out consent forms. Donation does not involve any kind of invasive intervention and is therefore completely safe, both for the baby and the mother," Parolini explains.

For the woman there is no cost, the important thing is that she falls within certain clinical pictures that allow donation and that are explained to her in case she is interested.

"Donation has no consequences for the mother or the child," the Friuli Central University Health Authority also reminds us, "and is a different and separate procedure from cord blood donation; after the placenta is processed to separate the amniotic membrane, the latter is stored at the Tissue Bank and made available to wards that request it.

Differences from other donations

The placenta donation that took place in Friuli is a novelty because until now it had been mostly about placental blood and umbilical cord donation. "The collection and storage of the cord is not so easy and has a higher cost, around 2,000 euros. Blood, on the other hand, can be collected from the placenta or the cord. It is still the same type of blood, that is, rich in stem cells capable of generating red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. It is then collected in a sterile bag, labeled and stored by freezing in liquid nitrogen at 196° below zero," explains Daniela Galliano, M.D., a surgeon specializing in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine and Head of the PMA Center at IVI Rome.

Can one keep the placenta or cord for one's baby?

While in theory and net of medical requirements any woman can donate the placenta or umbilical cord, it must be remembered that this can be done "always and only in the form of donation: that is, all women at the end of pregnancy can be offered to do so, but never for personal purposes," Galliano clarifies. In short, one cannot ask to keep placentas or umbilicus for oneself or one's child, in case of any future "needs": "What one cannot do in Italy, in fact, is to donate cord blood for use reserved exclusively for one's newborn. Italian law, however, allows you to export it to a foreign facility, at your own expense, and store it for personal use," the gynecologist further clarifies.

What and whom the placenta is used for

"The amniotic membrane, which is normally discarded after childbirth "has remarkable regenerative capabilities and therefore can be successfully used in complex clinical situations such as extensive burns, hard-to-heal ulcers or, when pulverized and used within an eye drop, facilitate the healing of eye wounds," explains the Friuli Central University Health Authority.

But that's not all: "From placental blood, it is possible to recover hematopoietic stem cells, which when transplanted can cure a variety of blood diseases. From placental tissues, on the other hand, it is possible to obtain various derivatives one of them is the amniotic membrane, but there are also different types of cells. The therapeutic potential of all these derivatives is based on the ability of certain cells (called mesenchymal stromal cells) to modulate the inflammatory response and promote tissue regeneration in various degenerative diseases," explains Parolini, who is also president of the International Placenta Stem Cell Society and in 2016 received the prestigious international STANDOUT WOMAN award.

How to donate the placenta

"The placenta," explains Lorenza Driul, director of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic at Trento Hospital, "can be donated when delivery is by scheduled cesarean section after 35 weeks and there is no major disease in the mother or baby. The medical staff of the Obstetrics Clinic proposes the possibility of placenta donation to mothers during pregnancy, before the cesarean section."

The same kind of procedure is followed in all facilities where placenta or cord donation is possible.

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What is the definition of pole dance?

Pole dancing: what is it and what are the benefits

Pole dancing is an intense, all-around sport that allows you to burn calories and tone your entire body: find out what it is and its benefits here

Pole dancing: the origins
What it takes to do pole dancing
Slimming down with pole dancing
The physique before and after
Valentina Ferragni and pole dancing

Pole dancing is a mix of gymnastics and pole dancing, not to be confused with pole dancing, another activity that involves the use of a pole but is not sporty, but rather playful entertainment and practiced in strip clubs.

Pole dancing is based on the performance of acrobatic figures, requiring considerable strength, fluency, coordination, agility, flexibility and endurance.

Having become a real sport, pole dance saw the first Italian Championship held in Rome in 2010, sponsored by the Italian Pole Dance Federation, while the first World Championship was held in 2005 in Amsterdam.

Pole dance: the origins

According to historical sources, pole dancing originated in circuses, and developed in North America during the depression years of the 1920s. Circus performers apparently used tent poles to carry out real performances during traveling shows.

Other sources, however, indicate pole dancing as a sport derived directly from Mallakhamb, a practice using a wooden pole on which men usually performed, which originated in 12th century India.

Pole dancing then gradually began to evolve from a traveling show to a regular fixture in bars around the 1950s, at the same time as Burlesque.

What it takes to do pole dancing

To practice pole dancing you need one and only one pole. But not all are the same. Pole sizes-which affect performances-vary from diameters of 50mm, to the smallest of 38mm.

The main materials used for poles are stainless steel, electrolysis chrome-plated steel, or brass round bars.

The different surface finishes of the material have unique gripping properties: polished steel is one of the most slippery of the materials listed therefore suitable for figures requiring less grip (anchoring), and allows for a faster, more fluid dance, while brass poles provide more friction, allowing a firmer grip of the hands and other body parts that allows for the realization of a slow, sinuous dance or sudden clamping by tightening of the legs or arms during fast descent. If you are intrigued by the practice and want to get started, all you have to do is grab a bag, throw in a coulottes and tank top, and look for the nearest school to try a class. Accomplice to the boom in recent years, you won't struggle to find a serious facility where you can test yourself.

Slimming down with pole dancing

Pole dancing is an intense and comprehensive sport-as well as fun-that requires commitment, dedication and the right physical training to increase strength, endurance, flexibility and coordination.

All this allows you to burn calories while toning your entire body. Slimming down with pole dancing, therefore, is possible: in one hour of activity you burn about 500-600 kcal. With this sport you work evenly over the whole body, both upper and lower, also thanks to the initial preparation exercises to be performed without the pole (such as planks and crunches).

The physique before and after

Already in the first three months of training you will be able to notice the first results: the shoulders are shaped, the back and arms are firmed, the waistline is thinned, legs and buttocks are sculpted and simultaneously become stronger and more resilient.

Valentina Ferragni and pole dancing

Among the VIPs who practice pole dancing is Valentina Ferragni, sister of super influencer Chiara. Valentina has been doing this activity for more than three years, and if at first, as is normal, the movements were clumsy (she shared falls and bruises with her fans, without embarrassment), now the influencer has become a true expert. This is evidenced by the videos she often uploads to her Instagram page, where she shows quite difficult stunts and poses.

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What are 5 good reasons to get a dog?

5 reasons why having a dog will make you live longer (and better) lives

Having a dog is good for your mood, health and sociality: medicine reveals. Here are 5 reasons why you should let a dog into your life.

Dog is the vitamin of good mood
Having a dog will help you be more sociable
Dogs make you more active
Having a dog helps you have a goal
Having a dog helps you feel better

Animals improve life; they are empathetic, bring good humor and are good for health: this is not only said by medicine but also by all the people who have been lucky enough to have a 4-legged friend in their lives. Usually people are divided into two teams: those who prefer felines and bring a cat into their apartment and those who prefer a dog that becomes a companion on adventures. Today we reveal 5 reasons why having a dog will make you live more.

Dog is the vitamin of good mood

The first reason why you should adopt a dog is definitely to be able to regain your smile. Whether you are going through a breakup or a particularly stressful personal period choosing to bring a four-legged friend into your life can only do you good.

According to a study published by Society & Animals, people who own dogs are more likely to laugh throughout the day; we're not just talking about simple smiles but actual contagious laughter that is stimulated throughout the day by the dogs' funny behaviors.

Although felines are also good for the mood, cats usually boast more posed behavior while dogs are true comedians in disguise. Dogs make us laugh and they don't even do it on purpose; it comes naturally to them.

Having a dog will help you be more sociable

Identifying dogs as helping with sociability is the University of Liverpool, which together with the University of Bristol published a study by some scientists inherent in the behavior of people who have dogs.

Having a dog improves sociability and helps you make new friends; if you have moved to a new city or changed neighborhoods, if you even just want to expand your circle of friends or wish to meet a new love a dog can be a companion to have by your side.

Having a dog will help you break the ice, thus being able to be more sociable. In fact, according to the study, those who have a dog are more likely to make new acquaintances and meet people; especially among dog owners it is easy to make friends but even those who do not have one cannot resist those cute little faces at the park.

Dogs make you more active

According to the National Academy of Sciences having a dog is good for your health: in addition to helping us prevent sensitivity to certain allergens, pets are an ally for those who want to get fit. By needing to walk several times a day, you too will be prompted to do more physical activity.

The daily 10,000 steps will become a breeze by having one of the best walking companions in the world; walking is very good for you and will help you not only get fit but also prevent cardiovascular disease and reduce cellulite.

Walking outdoors in the company of your dog will also help you take breaks from work, especially now that you are on smart work: no more lunch in front of the PC working a non-stop shift because he needs you-or maybe you need him?

Having a dog helps you have a goal

Having a dog helps you achieve a goal you have set for yourself: especially adopting a 4-legged friend will help you to have more regular rhythms but most importantly to feel that you have a purpose. According to medicine, a dog becomes a natural antidepressant and a great ally for those who suffer from states of anxiety or depression: having a little being to take care of and who needs us makes us feel more responsible and above all makes us feel useful.

Some psychologists recommend adopting a small dog for those who are facing particularly difficult times in their lives such as bereavement, separation, and job loss. Adopting a puppy makes you feel useful again while enjoying incredible psychological benefits.

Having a dog helps you feel better

According to statistics, those who own a dog are less depressed than those who do not have a 4-legged friend in their lives: but that's not all, having a dog helps you feel better medically as well. Four-legged friends are great allies for the health of children who get sick less by being able to have a stronger immune system.

In what other ways does a dog help you feel better? Having a dog helps you to keep fit by staying more active, helps you in the management of a post-traumatic disorder by managing to have a better mental and physical balance.

According to some statistics having a dog helps you to be less likely to have heart problems but also becomes an excellent ally for more important conditions such as fibromyalgia, autism or other disabilities.

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How do you know if your dog has chosen you?

5 things that will make you realize that your dog has chosen you and will love you forever

Sincere and unconditional love, ready to last forever. Here's how to tell if your dog has chosen you.

The choice of the reference figure
Who will love most in the family?
When you are chosen as a "human mom"
When does the dog choose you?
Clear pacts from the start and friendship forever
Signs that the dog has chosen you and loves you

An unbreakable bond that can rely on the unconditional love our four-legged friend will feel for us. Dogs, whether found, adopted or chosen, are capable of giving so much without expecting much in return except a few cuddles and a favorite treat. A universal law of affection unites dog and owner, who is not always the one who chooses the pet. Often the opposite happens. Here's how to tell if the dog has chosen you as a reference.

The choice of the reference figure

In the special relationship between you and your dog, you will, of course, be the "master," its figurehead. The dog, after all, is domesticated by nature, but it learns the basics of living with humans if someone teaches it.

If we live alone with our friend Fido, it is a given that the dog will identify in us a figure to follow. It does not matter whether puppy or an adult dog: he will be able to understand who is working hard at that moment to make him well. Who, in essence, with passion and love, will do everything to meet his needs, from feeding to walking to playing.

Who will love the most in the family?

When we live in an average-sized family, our dog will make a different sort of selection. In fact, in this case, how can you tell if the dog has chosen you as a reference? The dog will begin to observe the behaviors of the individual family members toward you, and it will draw up a kind of liking ranking. At this time, a sentimental hierarchy will form in the furry friend's head.

The dog, in electing his favorite of the family, will take into account the commitment that family members put into his upbringing and leisure time to spend with him. Selfish, the friend Fido! It would come to be said, it is actually an elitist attitude in reserving love in quantity, reserving it for the few.

The dog is a keen observer of household dynamics. Not only does he assess the behaviors that individual family members reserve for him, but he also scrutinizes the interpersonal relationships among family members to see what they are made of. Have you ever noticed a strange aversion to that aunt who is particularly disliked by everyone? There, the dog noticed it too!

When you are chosen as "human moms"

How well we are able to meet the dog's basic needs will put us in the running to be elected as a mom. To understand whether the dog has chosen you as a reference, it will be important to look at his attitude. He will certainly nurture unconditional affection if you treat him lovingly.

If since he was a puppy he has been fed, well cared for and entertained with us, he will see us as the mother figure of reference from the time he is weaned. The rest of the family should not be disappointed: in a different way, the dog will love everyone, despite its heart leader.

When does the dog choose you?

It is the first months of life that already give birth to and cement that unbreakable bond with our four-legged friend. A relationship that is consolidated in manner, namely imprinting, that special kind of learning by exposure, which serves to fix a stable memory of the visual characteristics of the individuals from whom you will be bred.

Understanding whether the dog has chosen you as a reference is crucial at this time: our furry friend will begin to consider you a leader from puppyhood by learning good rules of coexistence such as feeding or potty time.

Clear pacts from the start and friendship forever

Set stakes and allow the dog to internalize the rules you must necessarily dictate. The dog must be accustomed to certain times: those of food, of walking for potty time (who leads who, and how you behave: don't pull, drop, or drag us to other dogs to barf!), of your work routine. He will have to learn to be alone in the house for a few hours, without destroying the apartment, as well as respect the spaces intended for him, and not, for example, for an infant.

Considering the dog as our equal is not then strange, but it is essential to make him understand who is in charge in the house. And maybe even outside, to avoid unpleasant situations. In short, a hierarchy needs to be established. Beware of the wrist: being too sweet and permissive, is not always the right attitude. You know, those eyes that look at us with so much love, they tear our hearts, but don't concede too much, otherwise the roles will be reversed. And he will be the one to take you out for a walk!

Signs that the dog has chosen you and loves you

A few simple signs, help you know if the dog has chosen you as a reference. Just observe what catches his attention, and when he is happy to do something.

Here's what to notice: when the dog always sits at our feet, when he never looks away and constantly seeks our gaze. Or, when we are the first ones he wakes up in the morning, or to whom he turns for food or cuddles. If there are friends or relatives in the house, of course our four-legged friend will engage them in play, but he will look at you as if asking permission. At that moment he will assure you of love forever.

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How to do the perfect barbeque?

How to barbecue: 8 tips and recipes for the perfect barbecue

With the arrival of warm weather, barbecues and grilling are back in vogue: if you want to try your hand at it but are still a beginner, here are 8 basic tips for making a perfect barbecue

How to grill: the useful tips
The temperature
The marinating
Cleaning the grill
How to grill hamburgers
How to grill pork ribs
Can meat and fish be grilled together?
How to grill vegetables
How to grill a steak well

Preparing the perfect barbecue is not easy. There are a few little tricks, however, that we can implement to make meat, fish and vegetables delicious and achieve quality cooking on our barbecue. Grilling is a very simple method of cooking that enhances the flavors of meat, fish and vegetables without adding fat, in fact removing fat as it drips onto the grill.

How to grill: useful tips

Below you'll find 8 basic tips that will allow you to barbecue properly even if you're not a barbecue expert.

If, on the other hand, you are contemplating getting a new barbecue take a look at our buying guide:

Temperature.

The most important thing is the temperature. If you really want to be the king of barbecue, you need to have a thermometer with you to measure the heat and figure out when it is time to cook your food, which changes depending on the location of the heat source:

we talk about 260°C for direct cooking, that is, with the exposure of the food at a short distance from the heat source, whether fire or embers, and is typical of the common barbecue. In this case you have to be very careful not to burn the meat and marinate it

Indirect cooking, on the other hand, requires a temperature of about 150°C and is a gentler and lighter method of cooking; however, a barbecue equipped with a lid is needed.

Marinating

In direct cooking, an important step to take before putting the meat on the stove, to achieve a crispy and flavorful result, is to marinate the meat.

It can be done in many ways, the quickest and easiest one is to make a sauce with extra virgin olive oil, garlic and herbs such as rosemary, parsley, and sage.

Then massage the meat by dipping your hands in the oil and let it sit for half an hour before placing it on the stove. The effect will be very flavorful and crispy. Marinating is even more important on dry meats, such as chicken.

Cleaning the grill

Check, before putting the grill on the coals, that it is totally clean. And to keep it that way, maintenance is very important.

When you've finished cooking, clean it as best you can so that you don't leave any burnt residue that can go bad smelling and ruin the meat the next time.

How to grill burgers

If you have never tried grilling before, you could start by cooking burgers: they should not be too thin or they will become tough and dry, you can season them before putting them on the fire simply with salt and pepper.

If you prepare them with minced meat instead, to give them an extra touch of flavor, add a few drops of tabasco too. Put them on the hot grill and ask the diners what level of cooking they want them at. Turn them only once so that they are evenly cooked on both sides.

How to grill pork ribs

Pork ribs are really a must for any barbecue and usually everyone really likes them.

Let's start with the choice of meat: ideally, ask the butcher not to cut them, but to give you a whole piece, so it will be easier to cook and turn, instead of doing it for one rib at a time with tongs.

To give the ribs better flavor, make barbecue sauce: read the recipe below.

Can meat and fish be grilled together?

Never double grill meat and fish unless you have two separate grills.

Even if you keep the two meats apart the smell of one will compromise that of the other.

Fish will cook faster, but the risk is also that it will spoil: remember to always grill whole fish with the skin on. If you have an oil sprayer (or you can also use a brush), distribute it over the fish while cooking so that it does not dry out.

How to grill vegetables

Grilled vegetables are super tasty and are the perfect side dish for a barbecue lunch, but how do you prepare them? Here are a few foolproof rules:

Wash and dry the vegetables
cut them into slices one centimeter thick
Cook first one side and then the other (times vary depending on the vegetable)
Season only when cooked
To keep the vegetables hot, they can be placed on a preheated cast-iron griddle

Separate discussion for the peppers: rinse them and place them directly, with the skin on, on the grill.When they begin to take on the smokiness place them in a closed plastic bag, or in a tea towel and let them cool. The condensation and dampness will soften the skin, which will come off in no time.

How to grill a steak well

The high temperature allows steaks to form that delicious crust and retain all the juices that make the meat tender. The biggest mistake? Turning it over by poking it with a pitchfork: it will pierce the crust and let the juices escape, risking a tough, rubbery effect. Arrange for tongs that won't spoil it.

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Does magnesium help the brain?

Magnesium helps keep the brain younger and healthier. A recent Australian study shows this. How to take it, where it is found, and when you really need supplements

The study: we need more magnesium
Why magnesium is good for the brain
What is magnesium good for?
Where is it found in food?
How much and how can supplements help?
How much magnesium is needed to keep the brain healthy?

Increased magnesium intake is good for the brain and, in particular, for combating dementia. An Australian study, just published in the European Journal of Nutrition, says that increasing the amount of the valuable mineral can improve cognitive function.

The study: you need more magnesium

Researchers from the Neuroimaging and Brain Lab at the Australian National University looked at a sample of more than 6,000 cognitively healthy people aged 40 to 73. After having them take in an amount of 550 milligrams of magnesium each day, or about 41 percent more than normal, they observed that their brains were cognitively "younger" than those who were limited to 350 milligrams per day, which is the amount of magnesium that is contained in the average daily diet. This would have positive repercussions, then, in combating diseases such as dementia and improving brain function.

Why magnesium is good for the brain

"The study is certainly interesting and confirms similar conclusions that had been reached with other work. It would appear, then, that magnesium may have a protective role on the brain's white matter, as a neuroprotectant. Which also makes sense because it also acts, for example, in reducing blood pressure, which is known to be one of the causes of brain micro-damage," explains Luca Piretta, a gastroenterologist and nutritionist at the Campus Biomedico University in Rome. "Of course, every study has to be put in context. In this case there is the limitation of how it was carried out, that is, through recall, phone calls in which the sample of volunteers were asked what they had eaten, to infer the amount of magnesium. Clearly, it is difficult to draw a definite result. As mentioned, however, it is likely that as other work has shown, people who consume more magnesium also have greater brain "healthiness," less Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. This does not mean that we should rush to increase the amount," the expert adds.

What is magnesium good for?

"Magnesium is a mineral that is very beneficial to health. Its main function is to strengthen bone structure, along with calcium and phosphorus. But it also intervenes in other processes: for example, in protein and DNA synthesis, in the ability to harness the energy capacity of nutrients. It also enables proper blood pressure balance, muscle contraction, and allows the central nervous system to function properly," Piretta explains. Hence the importance of the right amount. But in what foods is it found?

Where is it found in food?

"A proper diet, particularly following the Mediterranean diet, makes it possible to meet the daily requirement, which is normally given as about 350 milligrams daily. The foods that contain the most are broad leafy green vegetables, because magnesium is found in chlorophyll, so lettuce, chicory, spinach and chard. It is also found a lot in bran, so it is important to eat whole grains, as well as a proper amount in nuts like walnuts and almonds, and in vegetable seeds. There is also in legumes and fish," suggests the nutritionist and gastroenterologist.

How much and how can supplements be helpful?

"Supplementation is always tricky. In fact, a balanced diet would be sufficient. The problem is that then in practice you often do not have a proper diet, you may experience deficiencies relatively frequently, and allo you resort to supplements. Other times, however, it may be useful to supplement magnesium intake, as in the case of particular physiological or pathological conditions: those who suffer from celiac disease or malabsorption or irritable colon, for example, may have magnesium deficiency. Or those who do a lot of sporting activity, such as athletes, especially in hot weather. It is wrong, however, to take a supplement, as one usually does especially during the change of season, if one feels tired or down in the dumps," Piretta explains. "Moderate supplementation doesn't hurt anyone, but it is often useless: the well-being one sometimes feels by taking supplements in many cases is due to something else.

How much magnesium is needed to keep the brain healthy?

"In this case it turns out that one would need to almost double the amount of magnesium normally taken through the diet, to 550 milligrams per day. But, as we said, it is difficult to give such a precise indication, because other factors may also have played a role in brain well-being. In any case, beware of overdosing: too much magnesium can also give intestinal problems such as diarrhea, so much so that in some cases it is prescribed as a laxative. In short, better to rely on proper nutrition and, if necessary, consult a specialist," concludes the gastroenterologist and nutritionist.

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What was the style of the 70s?

Folk style, the timeless success of a 1970s look

Beloved by Dior and beyond, the typically 1970s folk style remains a fashion with eternal appeal and timeless success. Here's how to pair it to create a memorable look

The new success of folk style
How to sport the folk style
When to wear long dresses for a bohemian look

Long live folk: typical 1970s style, why not sport it in the new millennium as well? Flowing cuts, sumptuous fabrics and long hemlines enhance a luxurious and bohemian femininity. It is fashion with past but never obsolete traits, which knows how to renew itself and has the flavor of originality. In 1970 Christian Dior created an entire collection inspired by Russian folk, designed by Danish designer Jorn Langbergh. Even today's stars cannot do without it. Singer Florence Welch has always been a lover of bohemian style. You can choose a total gypsy look, inspired by the creations of the late 1970s by Thea Porter, but also long chiffon dresses with asymmetrical hemline, paisley patchwork pattern or silk muslin. In short, it is impossible to resist the temptations of a trend that never goes out of fashion (even after 50 years).

The new success of folk style

Even women who make basic style their workhorse cannot resist so much enchantment. Folk, when flaunted on dresses and accessories, unleashes all our femininity with its rustling hemlines, wrap-around lengths and iridescent fabrics, but also thanks to its most varied patterns and most original prints. With her unmistakable touch, designer Thea Porter was among the pioneers of London's "bohemian rhapsody" of the 1970s. She breathed new life into transparencies and lengths, remaining a true muse to this day.

Never mind that half a century has already passed: folk style reinvents itself and still achieves new, undisputed success. Designers cannot say no and are always ready to "update" a timeless style. They wink at the typically 1970s folk allure and bring to life an irresistible new look.

It becomes a style with fairy features, almost a princely disguise. The secret? Flaunt it casually and lightly, to feel like a rock muse or a poetess of yesteryear. Stylists today have no doubt: the imperative is to cover legs, knees and ankles. Not only that: arms, back and breasts are covered, so that even the most agé women can always feel comfortable. All this without sacrificing a sensual streak typical of an elegant and sometimes wild style. So here is served a trend that looks familiar but - at the same time - has the flavor of new. Comfortable, fresh, elegant and feisty: this is the fashion that women continue to love.

How to sport the folk style

If you think folk is an outdated trend, you've realized that you need to think again. But if you want to keep up with the times while avoiding looking a little "old-fashioned," here's how to successfully sport your bohemian-toned outfit.

Dig out that embroidered blouse from your closet that you didn't remember you had. To the simpler and more refined ones, usually in white and with lace embroidery, you can alternate with those in crepe de Chine, with embroidered collar, with folk inserts or with ruffles at the waist and buttons. In short, you really are spoiled for choice today.

Besides, there's no denying it, we all have a slightly hippie long dress in our closet: if you don't want to go unnoticed, it's time to wear it again. It is perfect for bringing a memorable outfit to life. Embroidered blouses are also an elegant garment with a folk flavor and eternal appeal. Also promoted are old Indian long dresses and Mongolian vests. So, if you really want to flaunt fashionable looks, simply revitalize garments that you have forgotten for years in your (chaotic) walk-in closet.

The style combinations are many and varied, but easy to create. If you want to make your outfit more casual, you can add a rock and roll vest or a slim leather jacket to the long dress. If you fear the cold, on the other hand, you can wrap yourself in capes or inverted shearlings (absolutely fashionable if you add a faux leather jacket to the fur). For slimmer women, also, why not enhance the waist? To do so, add a belt to your dress with hippie features. Conversely, if you make use of the softness typical of the folk-style long dress to hide the most "at risk" area, forgo the waistband.

Styling combinations are not finished yet. If you prefer to "break up" your outfit, you can wear long, soft, full skirts along with tighter-fitting shirts.

When to wear long dresses for a bohemian look

Long dresses are a much-loved outfit for women, perfect every day to give some vigor to the grayest days but also for the most special occasions. To wear them, you don't have to be a longline silhouette. On the contrary, they hide our imperfections with class. The long sleeves go all the way up to the hands, making women 45 and up who struggle to show their arms happy. The softness of the dress also gracefully covers extra inches of skin. No need for a toned body: women of all ages can wear long folk-style dresses with charm and gracefulness (and success is assured). So goodbye sharp cuts and no more stiff materials: fabrics are pleasant to the touch, between velvet and embroidered silk, and the body looks free and in motion. Not only that: remember that transparencies are allowed. Every woman can show what she wants and should always feel comfortable with what she wears.

Folk style allows you to be just as sensual and elegant in your thirties as you are in your fifties. A long dress with bohemian features is perfect for a casual girl roaming the city streets. Better a more country feel, on the other hand, for the 60-year-old. But it is certain that long dresses look just right on everyone, you just need to choose the right model for yourself. The empire line, for example, best suits women with pronounced breasts.

For a look that is truly complete, how to give up accessories? Bags also reflect the folk style. Choose a shoulder bag with hippie patterns or a bucket bag with bangs, but also a bag with embroidered inserts and eco-friendly fur.

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How do you make a low ponytail look pretty?

Do you love a low ponytail? How to achieve it to be glamorous

If you prefer a low ponytail to the classic one, here's what you need to know to pull it off perfectly (and look really flawless)

Low ponytail, a timeless fashion
How to achieve it

Soft, elegant, chic and sophisticated: the low ponytail is this and much more. It is a perfect hairstyle to sport every day, but you can't do without it even on special occasions. And there's no season for it: you can flaunt it whenever you most desire. But are you really sure you know how to do it best? Here's how to do it.

Low ponytail, a timeless fashion

What is the strong point of the low ponytail? Its simplicity, there is no doubt about it. Making it requires care and attention, but it is an extremely easy hairstyle to replicate. In short, you don't need expert hands: to make a low ponytail you don't have to be a prodigy with hair. It is the perfect hairstyle for women who struggle to juggle their hair. Practicality is the secret of its success, capable of transcending fashions and eras. Even the supermodels of the moment flaunt it with class parading on the most prestigious catwalks. Cool and refined at the same time, the low tail never ceases to please and women of any age cannot do without it. For any occasion, the low tail is right for you. You can choose it in your free time or to more comfortably do the many everyday chores, without being bothered by hair fluttering here and there. Follow Kylie Minogue's example...

Not only that, in ceremonies it is the right hairstyle to be elegant and chic, without sacrificing a touch of glamour. Try it also in view of your favorite party or to make a mark during a night out with friends. On the most important catwalks stars like Kendall Jenner have chosen the low ponytail, customizing it with small tufts that contour the sides of her face and embellished with the trend of the moment, the bubble ponytail.

How to make it

Ponytail or low ponytail, that's the dilemma. If you love close-cropped hair, why not try both? Depending on the occasion, you can sport the hairstyle you prefer. And if you opted for the low ponytail, here's how to achieve it.

It especially suits oval and rectangular faces and remains a favorite choice for so many women. To perform it best, start by taking care of your hair. Then, don't forget to apply a conditioner to smooth the hair cuticle. Then part your hair with the help of a comb and, if desired, highlight the center or side parting. Finally, to secure the low ponytail, you simply brush the hair starting at the nape of the neck and continuing in the direction you desire. Then secure the strands with a rubber band. If you prefer it not to show, use a small strand of hair to cover it. Using bobby pins, position the hair carefully so that the elastic is completely hidden.

If you want to make your hairstyle more original, opt for the wet effect (beloved by the celebrities of the moment) or embellish your look by focusing on accessories. On the other hand, if you love the nineties, do not give up two front wisps left loose (so loved by, among others, Kendall Jenner). To give the hairstyle a more dynamic touch, move your tail sideways. If you prefer a more classic and elegant taste, however, the traditional low ponytail is for you.

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Wedding makeup natural

Bridal makeup: inspirations for every age, from 20 to 50 years old

Is there a bridal makeup for every age? What to enhance at the age of 30? And what, on the other hand, after 50? Make up artist's answers

Bridal makeup at 20
Bridal makeup at 30
Bridal makeup at 40 years old
Bridal makeup at 50 and beyond
Bridal makeup inspirations

In Italy people get married at all ages, at 20 as well as 60. This is according to the Istat report on marriage and civil unions, released in March 2023. The average age of first weddings is at 33. Possible second marriages take place after the age of 40. Around age 50, however, people decide to formalize their relationship through a civil ceremony. And looks, including bridal makeup adjust accordingly.

Will there be a different bridal makeup for every age? That's what we asked make-up artist Paolo Guatelli, who pointed out some specific tips for each age group in which people are getting married: 20 years old, 30 years old, 40 years old and over 50 years old.

Bridal makeup at 20

At 20 years old, the skin is toned and supple, so it is good to enhance it naturally. "My main suggestion for the 20-year-old bride is not to go overboard with base layers, foundations, concealers and various powders. Of course, it is important to cover any imperfections or even out the complexion if necessary. But the main thing is not to get "obsessed" with Kim Kardashian-style contouring mania. The play of shadows and highlights can certainly be replicated, but if too structured, as indeed celebrities do, it risks losing the freshness of a 20-year-old bride.

Bridal makeup at 30

The tip for the 30-year-old bride concerns the eyebrows. "At 30 it is common for a girl to focus - rightly so - on her eyebrows. Often following trends. Today thick eyebrows are in fashion, tomorrow super thin ones will be back, if not even erased.

Generally, in the eyebrow field there is a dichotomy between those who prefer standard, hyper-defined lines and those who, on the other hand, leave them unkempt. My advice goes especially to the former: on the wedding day it is good to avoid too vertical lines at the root of the nose. A good bridal makeup should suggest harmony, and often this type of eyebrows makes you pouty!"

Bridal makeup at 40

At 40, bridal makeup should focus on the eyes. The reason? "Between the ages of 40 and 50, the skin of the eyelids loses tone, and begins to show some fine lines. Therefore, I suggest focusing on shading that optically corrects the less-than-elastic skin. Actually, a nice play of chiaroscuro highlights the beauty that a look has achieved precisely at 40, because it is more mature and aware.

Bridal makeup at 50 and beyond

And we come to 50, an age when bridal makeup might focus on the mouth. "After 50, a mouth enhanced by the right lipstick really makes a difference especially on a "clean" makeup in the rest of the face. I envision a natural eye makeup paired with well highlighted lips penciled and lipstick in the color that looks best on the bride. Yes to bright colors if you like them, better to avoid, however, colors that are too dull and neutral.

The top tip? Outline the contour of the lips first with lip pencil and then swipe on a matte lipstick to serve as a long-lasting base. Once this base is prepared, you can apply a shiny creamy lipstick that will highlight your smile.

Bridal makeup inspirations

Ideas for your bridal makeup? Check out the backstage photos we selected for you.

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